The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae and has three types: A, B, and C. Infection by the influenza A virus is the most common and severe and is generally found in humans. It spreads rapidly, affecting human populations across large geographical regions within a short period of time, with varying degrees of pathology ranging from mild to severe. Wild aquatic birds and other...

Earthworms are a valuable, multifunctional resource in drug development. They have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms against microbial infections, and the bioactive agents in earthworm extracts (EEs) demonstrate potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. EE alleviates inflammation triggered by infections and effectively mitigates...